A black dwarf is theorized as a white dwarf that has cooled sufficiently that it no longer emits any visible light.It is thought to be the final stage in the evolution of stars not massive enough to collapse into a neutron star or black hole – stars less massive than roughly 9 M ☉. A white dwarf is the remains of a dead star, composed of electron-degenerate matter.(It is believed that the universe is not old enough for any red dwarf to have yet reached the so-called 'blue' stage, which is actually more of a medium white. A blue dwarf is a hypothesized class of very-low-mass stars that increase in temperature as they near the end of their main-sequence lifetime.Blue ( type O and type B) main sequence stars are so large that they are difficult to distinguish from blue giant stars, either in size or brightness, and because of the cognitive dissonance, the word 'dwarf' is avoided when referring to them.

Orange dwarfs are K-type main-sequence stars.Yellow dwarfs are main-sequence (dwarf) stars with masses comparable to that of the Sun.Red dwarfs are low-mass main-sequence stars.Dwarf star with no other qualification generally refers to a main-sequence star, a star of luminosity class V: main-sequence stars (dwarfs).The scope of the term 'dwarf' at present includes the following: With the development of infrared astronomy in the late 20th century the Morgan Keenan system was extended to cooler types L and T, all of which are 'dwarfs' but not all of which are stars as such.Ĭurrent uses of the term 'dwarf' Most stars are currently classified under the Morgan Keenan System using the letters O, B, A, F, G, K, and M, a sequence from the hottest: type O, to the coolest: type M. To distinguish these groups, he called them 'giant' and 'dwarf' stars, the dwarf stars being fainter and the giants being brighter than the Sun. They are either much brighter than the Sun, or much fainter. The term was originally coined in 1906 when the Danish astronomer Ejnar Hertzsprung noticed that the reddest stars – classified as K and M in the Harvard scheme – could be divided into two distinct groups.

The meaning of the word 'dwarf' was later extended to some star-sized objects that are not stars, and compact stellar remnants that are no longer stars. Most main sequence stars are dwarf stars. A dwarf star is a star of relatively small size and low luminosity.

Define main sequence star